Abstract:

Deteriorating water quality and environmental health are significantly influenced by soil degradation. The way that pollutants from soil, including pesticides, heavy metals, and plastic trash, seep into water sources and cause widespread water contamination is examined in this research. Human health is at risk, agricultural output is decreased, and the linked impacts jeopardize aquatic habitats. To lessen the ripple effects on water quality and the general health of the ecosystem, this study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable land management and pollution control methods by looking at case studies and scientific evidence. This study will use a qualitative approach to examine the role of soil pollution in worsening water quality and environmental health. Data will be gathered through scientific literature to provide evidence of the connection between soil and water pollution. Thematic analysis will identify key patterns and recommendations for sustainable land management and pollution control.

:Keywords Water ,Qua1ity ,Soil polluticu ,Environmenta1 .Health

:Abstrct

Waterfall ecosystems provide critical provisioning services, including drinking water, irrigation, and ecotourism depends on the physicochemical conditions of the water and the ability of biological regulation. This study aimed to assess water quality at Trisula waterfall and its implications for the sustainability of ecosystem services. Sampling was conducted at three stations (upper river, waterfall point, and lower river) during the dry season. Physicochemical parameters analyzed included discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and organic matter. Benthic macroinvertebrates were also used as bioindicators of ecosystem regulation. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Prati's Implicit Index, and biotic indices. The results showed that water discharge ranged from 0.33-1.22 L s⁻¹. The concentrations of nitrate (6.83-7.63 mg L⁻¹) and orthophosphate (0.23-0.27 mg L⁻¹) were relatively high due to agricultural activities, but still below national quality standards. Biological indicators showed higher diversity and dominance of sensitive taxa at the waterfall location, reflecting better ecosystem regulation capabilities. The Prati Index value (1.56-1.70) indicated that the water quality was considered good, but not yet suitable for direct consumption. Integrated management through nutrient control, riparian restoration, and biological monitoring is necessary to maintain the sustainability of ecosystem services and the tourism value of Trisula Waterfall.

Key words: Ecosystem services / benthic macroinvertebrates / biological regulation / water quality / waterfalls

bstract:

There is an increasing link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal damage in 

neurodegenerative dis-eases. Therefore, there is the need for safer natural neuroprotective drugs 

to protect neurons from damage. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of 

natural extracts derived from Olea Europaea plants from Libya. Leaves and fruits of the olives 

were extracted using ethanol and methanol solvents. The extracts were then analyzed for the 

presence of phytochemicals and antioxidants, and neuroprotective activity was determined 

using neuronal cell models. Findings from the study show that olive extract was rich in phenols, 

flavonoids, oleuropein, and hydroxytryrosol in methanol extracts of leaves. There was a high 

free radical scavengeing capacity as shown by antioxidant activity tests. Moreover, 

neuroprotective studies show that the extracts could in-crease neuronal cell viability and reduce 

intracellular reactive oxygen species when cells are exposed to oxidative stress. Inflammation 

markers such as TNF-α and IL-6 were also inhibited by the extracts.

Keywords: Olea Europaea, Neuroprotection, Antioxidant Activity, Olive Extracts, 

Neurodegenerative Diseases.

 الملخص: 

يتزايد االرتباط بين اإلجهاد التأكسدي وااللتهاب وتلف الخاليا العصبية في األمراض التنكسية العصبية. لذا، تبرز الحاجة إلى 

أدوية طبيعية أكثر أمانًا لحماية الخاليا العصبية من التلف. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى بحث التأثير الوقائي العصبي لمستخلصات

( من ليبيا. تم استخالص أوراق وثمار الزيتون باستخدام Olea Europaea الزيتون األوروبي ) طبيعية مشتقة من نباتات 

مذيبات اإليثانول والميثانول. ثم تم تحليل المستخلصات للكشف عن وجود المركبات الكيميائية النباتية ومضادات األكسدة، 

ص الزيتون غني وتم تحديد النشاط الوقائي العصبي باستخدام نماذج الخاليا العصبية. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستخل

بالفينوالت والفالفونويدات واألولوروبين والهيدروكسي تيروسول في مستخلصات الميثانول من األوراق. كما أظهرت 

اختبارات النشاط المضاد لألكسدة قدرة عالية على التخلص من الجذور الحرة. عالوة على ذلك، تُشير الدراسات الوقائية

ة على زيادة حيوية الخاليا العصبية وتقليل أنواع األكسجين التفاعلية داخل الخاليا عند العصبية إلى أن المستخلصات قادر

بواسطة المستخلصات IL-6 و TNF-α تعرضها لإلجهاد التأكسدي. كما تم تثبيط عالمات االلتهاب مثل 

لحماية العصبية، نشاط مضاد لألكسدة، مستخلصات الزيتون، األمراض التنكسية ا، Olea Europaea الكلمات المفتاحية:

. العصبية

yAbstract:

Water is the world's most vital natural resource, essential for sustaining all forms of life and promoting economic and societal development. The aims of this research are to determine whether the concentrations of some cations, anions, and metals of the Tiji groundwater are above safe limits, which would indicate they may be potential polluters, to explore the presence of the chemical elements and their likely environmental and health impacts, to raise awareness among the community of the risks of consuming untreated groundwater and encourage ongoing water quality monitoring, to explore cost-effective and effective chemical treatment technologies ion exchange and polymer-based chelating processes of removing polluting substances from groundwater, to assist future planning of sustainable water management strategies for arid regions like Tiji. Experimental study was conducted on groundwater samples collected from three representative wells in the Tiji region, Libya (wells at approximately 30 m and 120 m depths as indicated in the study site selection. The results indicate that the groundwater in the Tiji region is mineral-hard and chemically hard with high levels for sulfate, chloride, hardness, and TDS, rendering it unfit to be consumed directly by humans without treatment. Exper-imental and analytical data strongly confirm Hypothesis 1 (H1). The high initial sulfate and chloride levels in the groundwater warrant the need for selective removal, and the ion exchange process. Hypothesis 2 (H2) holds well, i.e., AnaLig ME-02 chelating resin have very good adsorption efficiency of Lead and mercury. Installation of a complete water treatment system with anion exchange resins is recommended for effective reduction of sulfate and chloride levels.

Keywords: Concentration, Pollution Cations, Antions, Metals, Groundwater, Libya

a

 Abstract : Oil drilling and land extraction for gas and water have significant environmental impacts, particularly on soil quality, plant health, and soil contamination. These activities disrupt the natural balance of ecosystems by altering soil composition, depleting essential nutrients, and increasing the risk of pollution. The intrusion of oil into groundwater and surface water systems further exacerbates environmental concerns, leading to oil-water mixtures that contaminate water sources and reduce soil fertility. The presence of hydrocarbons and heavy metals from oil drilling negatively affects plant growth and microbial activity, ultimately threatening biodiversity. Additionally, soil compaction and subsidence caused by excessive extraction contribute to land degradation and erosion. This study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing existing research, case studies, and environmental reports to assess the impact of oil drilling and land extraction. By examining patterns, descriptions, and expert insights, this research provides an in-depth understanding of the environmental consequences and explores potential mitigation strategies. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable practices to minimize long-term ecological damage and ensure the responsible management of natural resources.

Keywords: Oil drilling, Land extraction, Soil contamination, Water pollution, Biodiversity loss 

Abstract

Background: Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is known to contain several bioactive compounds and exhibits free radical scavenging activity. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and is associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of GbE in a rat model of PD induced by rotenone (ROT; a neurotoxin).

Methods: Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each: normal control, GbE treated, toxin control (ROT treated) and GbE+ROT group.

Results: Oral administration of ROT (2.5 mg/kg b.w.) for 50 days caused an increased generation of lipid peroxidation products and significant depletion of reduced glutathione, total thiol content and activities of enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the brains of treated rats. Furthermore, ROT caused an elevation in acetylcholinesterase, interleukin-1β, interleukin- 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α and a significant reduction in dopamine in the stratum and substantia nigra. Immunohistochemical results illustrated that ROT treatment reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). GbE treatment (150 mg/kg b.w./day) significantly reduced the elevated oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines and restored the reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, DA level and TH expression. These results were confirmed by histological observations that clearly indicated a neuroprotective effect of GbE against ROT-induced PD.

Conclusion: GbE mitigated ROT-induced PD via the inhibition of free-radical production, scavenging of ROS, and antioxidant enhancement.

Keywords: Ginkgo biloba; Parkinson's disease; ROT treatment; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; rotenone.

Wireworm has become a major problem causing extensive crop loss in many potato production areas in Canada. Wireworm control methods includes the use of chemical pesticides. However, pesticides can affect human health and the environment, and their use has consequently been questioned and prohibited in many countries. Therefore, the use of environmentally friendly plant protection techniques, including crop rotation as an alternative to chemical control measures have been promoted to minimize crop damage. In that context, buckwheat is used as a rotation crop to mitigate wireworm damage in potatoes. But so far, less is known about how buckwheat contributes to mitigate disease. This study was designed in a context of integrated pest management, with primary objectives to:(1) determine the microbial diversity in the buckwheat rhizosphere in comparison with other rotation crops; and (2) determine the correlation between the buckwheat rhizosphere microbiome structure and wireworm density. To achieve these objectives, 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing was performed to determine the microbial diversity in bulk and rhizosphere soils of buckwheat and barley grown at two locations during two growing seasons. A pilot wireworm trapping study was also performed to assess the wireworm population following buckwheat and barley as rotation crops. The study identified 27 phyla in the two crops of which Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria were the most abundant and species identification was confidently achieved in 7 phyla including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Deinococcus-Thermus and Crenarchaeota. Interestingly, Methylophilus flavus, Saccharopolyspora tripterygii and Deinococcus yunweiensis were three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found at the species level to be unique to the buckwheat rhizosphere soil at both locations and purported as non-pathogenic entophytic bacteria and beneficial for sustainable agriculture. Moreover, after two years, a reduction in wireworm density was observed in both crops although, the direct link associating the reduced wireworm density and the observed microbial diversity and the operating mechanisms in each crop remain to be elucidated. Taken together, changes were observed in the soil microbial communities associated with specific rotation crops and a reduction in wireworm density was correlatively observed. Thus, our study showed that the root system of buckwheat influences the structure of the microbiome in the rhizosphere as .hypothesized